Diabetes Mellitus is the common type of diabetes most people talk about. It consists of two different keywords; 'diabetes' and 'mellitus'. Diabetes means excess urination while mellitus literally means honey and thus diabetes mellitus is simply the abnormal high concentrations of sugar (honey) in the blood and urine with excessive urination.
Diabetes mellitus comprises two types namely; Type 1 diabetes, which is insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) and Type 2 diabetes, which is non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). Type 1 diabetes occurs most commonly in children while type 2 occurs mainly in adults. The main difference between the type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes is that there is absolute lack of insulin in the former and relative lack of insulin in the latter.
How Diabetes Mellitus Occurs.
Diabetes is a systematic condition that occurs following malfunction of certain cells and tissues of the body. High level of sugar in both urine and blood results from absolute or relative lack of insulin. It is therefore imperative that you understand this hormone, insulin, because all the effects and complications of diabetes mellitus revolve around the failure of the hormone to carry out its functions.
When someone eats, the food gets to the stomach, digested (broken down) and the nutrients it contains get absorbed into the blood. Through the blood vessels, the nutrients mainly glucose (sugar) are carried to different tissues and cells in the body where they are taken up for energy production.
Through this fundamental mechanism, the body generates energy for daily functions. However, the body regulates the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and the amount that is delivered to the cells per time. Diabetes therefore results from the inability of the body to regulate or control the level of sugar in the blood. Sugar is a poison to the entire body cells, if it gets beyond certain limit. To avoid such toxicity, the body regulates the amount of sugar (glucose) present in the blood at every given time. This it does through the hormone 'insulin'.
Insulin is a hormone produced by an organ in the body called pancreas which is located beside the stomach. Understanding the functions of this all important hormone 'insulin' simply means understanding of all the dangers imposed by diabetes including why it causes stroke, heart attack and coma.
Insulin is one of the most important hormones in the body. It is the main anabolic (builder) hormone in the body. It performs several important functions that regulates body metabolism.
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