Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology

Diabetes Mellitus is divided into two categories, namely type 1 and 2 respectively. In both types of diabetes mellitus pathophysiology they are more likely to be similar as the blood sugar is high. Firstly, it is either due to less production of insulin, or no production which resulted insulin resistance. Either case could result in inadequate glucose in the cells, where it can be identified through certain signs and symptoms or pathophysiology. These diabetes mellitus pathphysiology are quickly relieved once the diabetes is treated and also reduce the chances of developing serious health problems.

Diabetes Type 1:

The main cause of type 1 diabetes is due to dysfunctional pancreas as this resulted in low or no production of insulin. Primary diabetes mellitus pathophysiology include nausea and vomiting. Subsequently, at latter stage, diabetes type 1 leads to ketoacidosis in which body starts breaking down muscle tissue and fat for energy and resulted in weight loss. Next, individual will undergo dehydration due to electrolyte disturbance. In advance stages, patients may proceed into coma, in some cases death may occur.

Diabetes Mellitus or Type 2 Diabetes:

The pathophysiology for type 2 diabetes and type 1 is somewhat similar, but include more diversified symptoms which include the following:

1. Polydipsia - Individual feel thirsty due to increase glucose concentration in the blood as brain receives signal for diluting concentrated glucose.

2. Polyuria - Increase in urine production is the result seen when excess of glucose is present in body. Body tries to get rid of the extra sugar in the blood by excreting it through the urine. This can also lead to dehydration because excreting the sugar which carries a large amount of water out of the body along with it.

3. Increase fatigue - Due to inefficiency of cell to metabolize glucose, reserve fat of body is metabolized to gain energy. When fat is broken down in the body, it uses more energy as compared to glucose, hence body goes in negative calorie effect, which results in fatigue.

4. Weight fluctuation - Factors like loss of water (polyuria), glucosuria , metabolism of body fat and protein may lead to loss of weight. Few cases may show weight gain due to increased appetite.

5. Blurry vision - Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome is the condition when body fluid is pulled out of tissues including lenses of eye, which affects the ability of lenses to focus resulting in blurry vision.

6. Irritability - It is one of the sign of high blood sugar because of the inefficient supply of glucose to brain and other body organs, which makes us feel tired and uneasy.

7. Infections - Certain signals from the body is given whenever there is fluctuation of blood sugar (due to suppression of immune system) by frequent infections of fungal or bacterial like skin infection or UTI (urinary tract infection).

8. Poor wounding healing - Wounding is dependent on white blood cells as it contains lymphocytes which aid in attacking foreign particles and blood vessel repair. However, with increase blood glucose level, it resists the flourishing of white blood cells. This in turn resulted in low immune system and may affect proper blood circulation as glucose aid in blood thickening.

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